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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*u"t- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to singe face="Times New Roman Star"палить, опаливать face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"u">t- face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- face="Times New Roman Star"v@t- face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- face="Times New Roman Star"u"jt- face="Times New Roman Star"u">t- face="Times New Roman Star"u"jt- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 40, VEWT 524, ЭСТЯ 1, 640, TMN 2, 9-10. face="Times New Roman Star"*jap- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to smooth, level 2 flat face="Times New Roman Star"1 выравнивать, сглаживать 2 плоский face="Times New Roman Star"japur- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"japalaq 2 (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"japilaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"japyG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?y`pyt 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|apalaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"japalaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"japalaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 16-17, 130, EDT 879. face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:c?-gak, -mak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"(outer) corner, angle face="Times New Roman Star"внешний угол face="Times New Roman Star"buc?g|aq (MK ) 'region of the world, corner' face="Times New Roman Star"buz?|ak face="Times New Roman Star"poc?maq face="Times New Roman Star"buz?|aq (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"buz?|ag| face="Times New Roman Star"bu:z?|aq 'lower ends of a winebag' face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|s/mex face="Times New Roman Star"buz?|aq face="Times New Roman Star"buc?aq, buc?qaq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 85, ЭСТЯ 2, 282-283. Despite EDT 294 and Clark 1980 , 38, not derived < *byc?- 'cut' (because of semantic and phonetic - vowel length and vowel quality - differences). face="Times New Roman Star"*Atyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"watered field, boundary face="Times New Roman Star"орошаемое поле, межа face="Times New Roman Star"atyz 'any strip of land between two dikes' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"etiz face="Times New Roman Star"atyz face="Times New Roman Star"adys 'загон 1/18 десятины' face="Times New Roman Star"adyr 'холмистая местность, увалы' face="Times New Roman Star"atyz face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 31, EDT 73. Turk. > Mong. atiz (Щербак 1997 , 102). Cf. also *a:tag 'island'. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAr/yk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 thick, stout 2 a stubby man face="Times New Roman Star"1 толстый, дюжий 2 коренастый человек face="Times New Roman Star"bazyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bazuq (OKypch., AH , CCum .) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bad|yq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bazyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bazyq/x (H,Q,T) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bazyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 66. The word is exclusively Kypchak (probably also borrowed in Chuv. pyzъk id.), but is apparently archaic. face="Times New Roman Star"*ebin face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"grain, seed face="Times New Roman Star"зерно, семя face="Times New Roman Star"evin (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"evin (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"Osm. evin, Anat. efin face="Times New Roman Star"evin (Qutb ) face="Times New Roman Star"ebin face="Times New Roman Star"avъn s/ap- 'to flail', avъn karti 'cornfloor' > Mari (Low) av@n, Mari (High) e|n. face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 34, EDT 12, Мудрак Дисс. 82. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAl/ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bulrush, reedmace face="Times New Roman Star"камыш, рогоз face="Times New Roman Star"qas?aq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qas?aq (VEWT), qas?eq 'aftergrass' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 240. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kulga face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sprout 2 long branch, shoot face="Times New Roman Star"1 росток 2 длинная ветка, побег face="Times New Roman Star"qolg|a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xulg|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qulg|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xolъ 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 298, Ашм. XVI, 149. face="Times New Roman Star"*KEr/i- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"fever, contagious disease face="Times New Roman Star"лихорадка, заразная болезнь face="Times New Roman Star"kezik (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"kezig (KB , MK) face="Times New Roman Star"gezik 'a rodent ulcer' (EDT), kezek 'gangrene' face="Times New Roman Star"kezek 'a rodent ulcer' (Abush. ), Kypch. keziv 'pestilence' (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"kezik 'typhus' face="Times New Roman Star"kiz@m face="Times New Roman Star"kezim, kezu" face="Times New Roman Star"kezik 'long uncurable disease' face="Times New Roman Star"kezik 'fever' face="Times New Roman Star"kid|ew 'pestilence' face="Times New Roman Star"gezik 'a cold in the head' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 758-759, VEWT 260 (derivation from kez- 'walk' is highly dubious). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko:l face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"valley face="Times New Roman Star"долина face="Times New Roman Star"qol (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kol (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qul face="Times New Roman Star"qol (B) face="Times New Roman Star"qol (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qol 'gutter' face="Times New Roman Star"Go:l face="Times New Roman Star"xol face="Times New Roman Star"xol face="Times New Roman Star"qol face="Times New Roman Star"qul (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qol face="Times New Roman Star"qol face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 277, Лексика 90-91, EDT 615 (confused with *Kol 'arm'), ЭСТЯ 6, 43-46. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kom- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to long for 2 inheritance, legacy face="Times New Roman Star"1 жаждать, стремиться к 2 наследство face="Times New Roman Star"qumaru (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qomy- 1 (MK ), xumaru 2 (MK ), qumaru 2 (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"qumar 2 (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"xumartxa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qumarqy 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qumartqa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qumarqy 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qomartqy 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qumartqy 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 626, 628, Лексика 347, Clark 1977 , 149. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko"l/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to freeze face="Times New Roman Star"замерзать face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s?ek- face="Times New Roman Star"ko"hu"j- face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z?u"- face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?u"- face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?u"- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s?ek- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 294, ЭСТЯ 5, 127. face="Times New Roman Star"*jElme- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"blade or upper part of sabre face="Times New Roman Star"лезвие или конец сабли face="Times New Roman Star"jelme, ja"lman, jalman, jalym face="Times New Roman Star"jalman (Бор. Бад. ) face="Times New Roman Star"z?alman (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 196, ЭСТЯ 4, 103-104, Лексика 412 (but relating here jalma 'quilted coat' is dubious). face="Times New Roman Star"*bAlk- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to shine, glitter face="Times New Roman Star"сверкать, сиять face="Times New Roman Star"balk- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"balqy- face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch., Xwar. ) balqy-(CCum ., AH , Qutb ) face="Times New Roman Star"balqylda- face="Times New Roman Star"malqyl, malG|yl 'bright, shining' face="Times New Roman Star"balqy- face="Times New Roman Star"balqy- face="Times New Roman Star"balqy- face="Times New Roman Star"balqy- face="Times New Roman Star"balqy- face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 56-57. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"stranger, foreign face="Times New Roman Star"чужак, иностранец face="Times New Roman Star"baz (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"bazy 'some, someone' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 388. face="Times New Roman Star"*ol- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 skilless, talentless, careless 2 simple face="Times New Roman Star"1 неумелый, небрежный 2 простой face="Times New Roman Star"ulyn- 'to be bewildered' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"olmaja 'an expression of warning, bewilderment' face="Times New Roman Star"olan|aj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"vъw|li-z?ali 1 face="Times New Roman Star"oloj- 'to make a stupid face' face="Times New Roman Star"olutpaj 'lazy' face="Times New Roman Star"oldoqson 1, oloq, olog|oj 'one-eyed' face="Times New Roman Star"olaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 360, ДТС 609 (EDT 149 only quotes OT ulyn- 'to be twisted' which is probably a different root). face="Times New Roman Star"*apa (*appa) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"father face="Times New Roman Star"отец face="Times New Roman Star"apa (Orkh., OUygh.) 'ancestors' face="Times New Roman Star"apa (MK ) 'father, bear' ("Kypch."), (KB ) 'ancestor' face="Times New Roman Star"aba face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"awa face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"aba face="Times New Roman Star"aba 'father, bear' face="Times New Roman Star"oba 'bear' face="Times New Roman Star"ava face="Times New Roman Star"aba face="Times New Roman Star"apa (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"appa, aba face="Times New Roman Star"aba (Kakuk ), aba, apa (ССЯ ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 5, VEWT 1, ЭСТЯ 1, 54-58, Федотов 2, 281, Лексика 305, Аникин 71. Сf. also *ba:pa 'grandfather, mother's father' (Turkm. ba:ba etc., see ЭСТЯ 2, 10-13, Лексика 294, 305). Voicing of -p- in many languages is probably due to expressive gemination. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ty:t face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"larch-tree face="Times New Roman Star"лиственница face="Times New Roman Star"tyt (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyt (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tet ag|ac (dial., КСТТ 200) face="Times New Roman Star"tyt face="Times New Roman Star"tyt face="Times New Roman Star"tyt face="Times New Roman Star"ti:t face="Times New Roman Star"ti:t face="Times New Roman Star"dyt face="Times New Roman Star"tyt (Рас. ФиЛ ), dyt / tyt face="Times New Roman Star"tyt 'mulberry tree' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 479, EDT 449, Stachowski 224. The meaning in Kirgh. is influenced by tut < Iran., see Стеблин-Каменский 1982 , 88-89. face="Times New Roman Star"*Tygra- / *Tygyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 firm, tough 2 narrow, compact, firm face="Times New Roman Star"1 крепкий, плотный 2 узкий, тесный, плотный face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|ra-q 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|raq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dyqyz 1 (a contamination with dyq- `to stuff') face="Times New Roman Star"tu:s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|vъw|r 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyjys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|yz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|yz 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 477, EDT 471. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Am face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a backbiting man 2 to exact a fine 3 claim 4 reproach 5 to be offended 6 to be angry face="Times New Roman Star"1 клеветник 2 штрафовать 3 претензия, рекламация (юрид.) 4 упрек 5 обижаться 6 сердиться face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?amg|uq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-la- 'to speak with disgust' (R, Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?`imig 'badly' face="Times New Roman Star"c?am (dial., R) 4, c?am-da-l- (dial., R) 5 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ammal-tur- 'to look nervous, angry' face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-da-n- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 'that which causes offence', s?am-da-n- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 'joke, mockery', c?am-la-n- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 5, s?am-s?yl 'resentful, sensitive' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 421-422, 423, VEWT 98, D-T 97. At least part of the forms may ultimately have a Chinese source (MC z|.a".m 'slander'). Cf. also c?aman 'lazy horse, dog'; Tur. c?amura jat- 'to decline from paying a debt' (slang; lit. 'to lie down in dirt' - perhaps a reanalysis based on the analogy with c?amur 'dirt', cf. also c?amur (metaph.) 'low, humble').
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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